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Wietse Vroom (Msc) PhD Researcher |
Background:
Wietse Vroom graduated on May 11th 2009 on the project "Genomics, between prescriptive code and social construction", which was a carried out as a collaboration between the Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Wageningen University and Exeter University (UK). His PhD research studied how genetic technologies are being used and developed for resource poor farmers in developing countries. By comparing how different projects follow different strategies to improve agricultural production, a critical discussion is opened of what makes technology development ‘appropriate’ for resource poor farmers, and what kind of agricultural modernity is implicit in technological interventions.
This PhD project was part of an overarching research programme: “Genomics between prescriptive code and social construction: An analysis of the constraints and possibilities for social choices in genomics for developing countries”. Supervision: Prof. Guido Ruivenkamp (CTC - WUR), Dr. Joost Jongerden (CTC - WUR) and Prof. Steve Hughes (Egenis- Exeter University). Two other projects within this research programme are carried out by Eric Deibel and Daniel Puente.
Research:
Reflexive Biotechnology Development: Studying plant breeding technologies and genomics for agriculture in the developing world

Abstract:
Agriculture plays a crucial role in the alleviation of extreme poverty and hunger. One of the many ways of contributing to agricultural development for the resource poor is the development of new crop varieties that are more resistant to disease and pests, and that produce more in dry conditions or on poor soils. However, while the technical potential to improve crop varieties is increasing rapidly, such technologies do not always successfully contribute to the economic development of resource poor farmers. New technologies may never reach farmers, may be prohibitively expensive, or may solve only a very limited part of the problem that farmers are facing in practice.
Wietse’ thesis engages with the debate on how modern genetic technologies are used in plant breeding, and questions what it is that makes a new technology appropriate for pro-poor agricultural development. It does so by moving beyond a technical perspective on what constitutes ‘appropriate technology’ and by analyzing how different approaches to agro-technological development create different social roles for technology developers and farmers in innovation processes and production systems. Case studies of projects and international research centres in India, Peru and Mexico provide an insight in the different approaches to agro-technological development in which farmers are treated as ‘recipients of technology’, or are involved as ‘co-innovators’, and in which technology developers present themselves as ‘solution providers’ or as ‘service providers’. Insight in those different approaches contributes to a clearer debate on the potential role of biotechnology in agricultural development and the reduction of poverty.
Korte Nederlandstalige samenvatting (abstract in Dutch):
‘Moderne genetica voor arme boeren’
Landbouw is van een cruciaal belang voor het oplossen van extreme armoede en honger in de wereld. Een belangrijke manier om landbouw te verbeteren is het ontwikkelen van nieuwe gewassen die minder last hebben van ziekten en insecten, en die meer opbrengen in droge omstandigheden of op slechte bodems. Maar hoewel de technieken om gewassen te verbeteren telkens krachtiger worden, wil dat nog niet zeggen dat ze ook daadwerkelijk bijdragen aan de bestrijding van armoede en honger. Nieuwe gewassen en technologieën bereiken niet altijd de boeren waarvoor ze bedoeld zijn, zijn soms te duur, of lossen slechts een klein deel van het probleem op waar boeren in de praktijk mee kampen.
Het proefschrift van Wietse Vroom gaat het debat aan over de manier waarop moderne genetica wordt ingezet voor plantenveredeling, en stelt de vraag wat een technologie geschikt maakt om bij te dragen aan landbouwontwikkeling. Daarbij komt veel meer aan de orde dan enkel technische aspecten. Vroom beschrijft hoe verschillende benaderingen van landbouwontwikkeling gevolgen hebben voor de sociale rolverdeling tussen technologen en boeren in innovatieprocessen en in productiesystemen. Hij maakt onderscheid tussen innovatiestrategieën waarin boeren als ‘ontvangers van technologie’ of juist als ‘mede-innovatoren’ worden beschouwd, en waarin technologie ontwikkelaars proberen kant-en-klare oplossingen te bieden, of innovatie als een interactief proces zien. Dit onderscheid draagt bij aan een helderder debat over hoe we genetica en biotechnologie kunnen gebruiken voor landbouwontwikkeling, en hoe we ervoor zorgen dat nieuwe technologie ook daadwerkelijk bijdraagt aan het verminderen van armoede.
Publications:
Vroom W. (2009): “Linking upstream genomics research with downstream development objectives. The challenge of the Generation Challenge Programme” Tailoring Biotechnologies, Vol 4, No. 3
Vroom W. (2008): "Redesigning biotechnology: experiences of a public private partnership in the development of pro-poor transgenic cabbages in India" The European Journal of Development Research. Vol. 20, No. 3, September 2008, 399–415. Link to article
Louwaars, N., B. De Jonge & W. Vroom (2008). "Intellectual Property Protection Challenges Public Research". Prophyta - The Annual, 2008, pp. 44-46 Download
Vroom, W. (2008): "Reconsidering Agricultural Modernisation: Three dimension of questioning and redesigning biotechnologies for international agricultural development." In: Ruivenkamp, Hisano & Jongerden (eds.) "Reconstructing Biotechnologies: Critical social analyses", Wageningen Academic Publishers, Wageningen, pp. 143-164. Download
Vroom, W., G. Ruivenkamp & J. Jongerden (2007): “Articulating Alternatives: Biotechnology and genomics development within a critical constructivist framework” Graduate Journal of Social Science 4: 11-33. Online link
Vroom, W. (2006) “Precompetitive Plant Genomics Development: New modes of sharing information and property?” Paper presented at Innogen Annual Conference 2006: Genomics for Development? The Life Sciences and poverty reduction. September 5-6th Regent’s College, London. Download.
List of all publications
Contact: Wietse is no longer working for CTC, but can be reached via wietsevroom@gmail.com